E.B. Whites Drafts of Once More to the Lake

At the start of every fall term, countless students are asked to write an essay on what must be the most uninspired composition topic of all time: How I Spent My Summer Vacation. Still, its remarkable what a good writer can do with such a seemingly dull subject--though it may take a bit longer than usual to complete the assignment. In this case, the good writer was E.B. White, and the essay that took more than a quarter century to complete was Once More to the Lake. First Draft: Pamphlet on Belgrade Lake (1914) Back in 1914, shortly before his 15th birthday, Elwyn White responded to this familiar topic with uncommon enthusiasm. It was a subject the boy knew well and an experience that he fiercely enjoyed. Every August for the past decade, Whites father had taken the family to the same camp on Belgrade Lake in Maine. In a self-designed pamphlet, complete with sketches and photos, young Elwyn began his report clearly and conventionally This wonderful lake is five miles wide, and about ten miles long, with many coves, points and islands. It is one of a series of lakes, which are connected with each other by little streams. One of these streams is several miles long and deep enough so that it affords an opportunity for a fine all-day canoe trip. . . .The lake is large enough to make the conditions ideal for all kinds of small boats. The bathing also is a feature, for the days grow very warm at noon time and make a good swim feel fine. (reprinted in Scott Elledge, ​E.B. White: A Biography. Norton, 1984) Second Draft: Letter to Stanley Hart White (1936) In the summer of 1936, E. B. White, by then a popular writer for The New Yorker magazine, made a return visit to this childhood vacation spot. While there, he wrote a long letter to his brother Stanley, vividly describing the sights, sounds, and smells of the lake. Here are a few excerpts: The lake hangs clear and still at dawn, and the sound of a cowbell comes softly from a faraway woodlot. In the shallows along shore the pebbles and driftwood show clear and smooth on bottom, and black water bugs dart, spreading a wake and a shadow. A fish rises quickly in the lily pads with a little plop, and a broad ring widens to eternity. The water in the basin is icy before breakfast, and cuts sharply into your nose and ears and makes your face blue as you wash. But the boards of the dock are already hot in the sun, and there are doughnuts for breakfast and the smell is there, the faintly rancid smell that hangs around Maine kitchens. Sometimes there is little wind all day, and on still hot afternoons the sound of a motorboat comes drifting five miles from the other shore, and the droning lake becomes articulate, like a hot field. A crow calls, fearfully and far. If a night breeze springs up, you are aware of a restless noise along the shore, and for a few minutes before you fall asleep you hear the intimate talk between fresh-water waves and rocks that lie below bending birches. The insides of your camp are hung with pictures cut from magazines, and the camp smells of lumber and damp. Things dont change much. . . .(Letters of E.B. White, edited by Dorothy Lobrano Guth. Harper Row, 1976) Final Revision: Once More to the Lake (1941) White made the return journey in 1936 on his own, in part to commemorate his parents, both of whom had recently died. When he next made the trip to Belgrade Lake, in 1941, he took along his son Joel. White recorded that experience in what has become one of the best-known and most frequently anthologized essays of the past century, Once More to the Lake: We went fishing the first morning. I felt the same damp moss covering the worms in the bait can, and saw the dragonfly alight on the tip of my rod as it hovered a few inches from the surface of the water. It was the arrival of this fly that convinced me beyond any doubt that everything was as it always had been, that the years were a mirage and there had been no years. The small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat under the chin as we fished at anchor, and the boat was the same boat, the same color green and the ribs broken in the same places, and under the floor-boards the same fresh-water leavings and debris--the dead hellgrammite, the wisps of moss, the rusty discarded fishhook, the dried blood from yesterdays catch. We stared silently at the tips of our rods, at the dragonflies that came and went. I lowered the tip of mine into the water, pensively dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away, poised, darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up the ro d. There had been no years between the ducking of this dragonfly and the other one--the one that was part of memory. . . . (Harpers, 1941; reprinted in One Mans Meat. Tilbury House Publishers, 1997) Certain details from Whites 1936 letter reappear in his 1941 essay: damp moss, birch beer, the smell of lumber, the sound of outboard motors. In his letter, White insisted that things dont change much, and in his essay, we hear the refrain, There had been no years. But in both texts, we sense that the author was working hard to sustain an illusion. A joke may be deathless, the lake may be fade-proof, and summer may seem to be without end. Yet as White makes clear in the concluding image of Once More to the Lake, only the pattern of life is indelible: When the others went swimming my son said he was going in too. He pulled his dripping trunks from the line where they had hung all through the shower, and wrung them out. Languidly, and with no thought of going in, I watched him, his hard little body, skinny and bare, saw him wince slightly as he pulled up around his vitals the small, soggy, icy garment. As he buckled the swollen belt, suddenly my groin felt the chill of death. To spend almost 30 years composing an essay is exceptional. But then, you have to admit, so is Once More to the Lake. Postscript (1981) According to Scott Elledge in E.B. White: A Biography, on July 11, 1981, to celebrate his eighty-first birthday, White lashed a canoe to the top of his car and drove to the same Belgrade lake where, seventy years before, he had received a green old town canoe from his father, a gift for his eleventh birthday.

Summary Of The Crucible - 2006 Words

Nyonika Khanna Mrs.Evard Amlit - 5 09/28/2017 Man as a Puppet in the Hands of an Intolerant Society Scapegoating. According to Urban Dictionary, â€Å"a scapegoat is defined as, ‘A person or person or object that is used to lay the blame on for all that goes wrong, regardless of the contributions of others. This will usually carry on until the scapegoat has gone, or has managed to successfully defend itself against the arguments presented to it’.The pointing out of a person as an accused or a sinner happens because of the intolerance to any deviation from the society beliefs. This is seen in the play,The Crucible; articles Death Penalty Disgrace and A True Confession. In these articles, the main thing that stands out is that people can be†¦show more content†¦If I say I know something about the device, it’ll be be I lied, I’m screwed, but al least my family will be safe. ‘And I said, ‘OK, the device is mine.’† (Higazy, A True Confession). The agent who threatened him said that if he would not cooperate, his family wou ld be in a lot trouble. Under so much intense pressure he accepted to lie so that his family could be secure. But later on he was proved innocent as the FBI realized that he was not the right man they wanted. In the play The Crucible, the main emotion which led to loss of innocent lives was that of vengence. In this play, the illicit relationship between Abigail and Proctor became the source of frustration for Abigail, as seen when she says, â€Å"She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, sniveling woman, and you bend to her! Let her turn you like a -† (Millar, 23). This frustration led to the emotion of vengeance which was so evil that it consumed whoever came in it s path. In Death Penalty Disgrace, Davis was put through a lot of emotional stress so much so that he was almost executed three times before being punished finally for something for which he claimed he never did. In this case ,the emotion of frustration played a big role as Davis could not get his due justice of being heard and the law makers became divided on the way his case was being handled.One of the law officer, who had helped in making a law forShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Crucible 1151 Words   |  5 Pages6. Plot summary â€Å"The Crucible† is a play that takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The play starts in the woods, the characters Abigail, Betty, Tituba, Mary Warren, and Mercy Lewis were casting spells in the forest. Samuel Parris catches them in the woods and Betty passes out. They go to the Proctors house to make sure Betty is okay. Parris is contemplating on what the town will think of him when they find out what has happened. He tells Abigail to tell him what happened in the woods. AbigailRead MoreSummary : The Crucible 1272 Words   |  6 PagesBlake Allison Period #1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title (underline): The Crucible 2. Author (first and last name) and date of first publication: Arthur Miller 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor- John Proctor, the husband of Elizabeth Proctor, is a serious farmer who lives on the edge of Salem hiding the secret sin of his adultery and disbelieving in the witch trials. b. Reverend Parris- Reverend Parris, the Reverend in Salem, is a conceitedRead MoreSummary : The Crucible 1074 Words   |  5 Pagestrue puritanism. Women ( specifically young girls) all had a huge impact on Salem that caused lies and new beliefs. 3 women were the main cause of all the sales madness and mayhem these women were Abigail Williams, Tituba, and Mary Warren. The crucible is about a group of girls who went out to dance or do other things which are unknown. They were then caught and accused of practicing witchcraft. They all started to make up things saying that they could see demons and that they would find themselvesRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible 1242 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 11 D1B2 21 October 2014 Why is Extremism in Any Form Dangerous? I feel that extremism is dangerous because it can lead to intolerance, lying and hurting others. Misconception and fright can lead to prejudice. In Arthur Miller’s play, â€Å"The Crucible† people who refuse to admit to dealing with the Devil will be hanged. In fear of dying, people who have been accused but haven’t actually dealt with the devil admit to something they haven’t done in order to escape demise. Reverend Hale says to JohnRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible 978 Words   |  4 PagesSlave, it is a strong word that, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is defined as, â€Å"Someone who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for that person without pay.†1 Plutarch describes the leader of the Rebellion (Spartacus the slave) as strong, invincible, and barbaric. Spartacus and his rallied men escaped confinement from the Roman Republic and fought back because they wanted to be free from the horrible situation they were put in. Also, the gladiators were tough andRead MoreSummary : The Crucible Essay964 Words   |   4 PagesOpportunities, Fall Semester 2015 Extra Credit Opportunity #4: Attend a performance of â€Å"The Crucible† on one of the following performance dates: Oct 10, 15, 16, or 17 at 7:30pm or the matinee performance on Sunday, Oct 18 at 2pm at the SMSU Fine Arts Theatre Note: The performance on Thurs, Oct 15, is free to all SMSU students with a valid student ID. Admission at all other performances is $10. â€Å"The Crucible† is a fictionalized account of events that occurred during the Salem Witch Trials. SalemRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Ms. Elliott AP Language and Composition 22 May 2016 Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: A. Meyerson, 1953. Print. The Crucible, a play, by American playwright Arthur Miller, is set in the small New England town of Salem Massachusetts in 1992. The play opens with Reverend Parris praying beside his daughter Betty Parris s bed. In the bed Betty lies in some sort of paralyzed state. The town s doctor, Doctor Griggs, does not know of a medicine to cure Betty’s symptoms and advises ReverendRead MoreSummary : The Crucible 1624 Words   |  7 Pagesjournal #1- narrative Today I went into town in order to see what all this witchcraft commotion was all about. According to Reverend Parris his daughter, Betty, has been bewitched. All this sounds a bit crazy to me because the details do not add up. I see Abigail and hope not to make conversation with her, but eventually I am alone with her and she explains everything to me. She begins by declaring her love for me and how much she misses me and does not go a day without thinking about me. She thenRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible 1892 Words   |  8 PagesNoemi Boyd Etheridge AP Literature Per. 2 Nov. 25th, 2014 Title: The Crucible Year of Publication: 1953 Author: Arthur Miller Setting and Time Period: Salem Massachusetts during 1692 and 1693 Primary Characters: Abigail Williams - Niece of Reverend Parris, she is leader of the girls in town and has had affair with John Proctor. John Proctor - Husband of Elizabeth and a hard working man; tries to set Abigail straight by exposing the truth between them but is too worried for his reputation. ReverendRead MoreSummary Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1443 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie Provenzano 3rd Period 1. Title: The Crucible 2. Author and date of first publication: Arthur Miller, 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor, he is a farmer in his mid-thirties living in Salem, as a well respected man in society he sets an example to all of the other citizens; he is married to Elizabeth practice and has 3 sons. b. Abigail, she is a seventeen year old girl who lives with her uncle, Reverend Parris, because her parents

Cultural Diversity to the Industry-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Cultural Diversity and Role Played by it in Tourism and Hospitality Industry along with the benefits of Cultural Diversity to the Industry. Answer: Introduction Diversity is an important aspect which must be analysed and implemented in an organisation in an effective manner. It is crucial for employees of tourism and hospitality industry to understand the role of diversity management for interacting with other employees and customers in a better manner. This report will discuss the concept of cultural diversity and role played by it in tourism and hospitality industry along with the benefits of cultural diversity to the industry. Non-compliance with the cultural diversity can create an adverse impact on the performance of the industry. Different actions can be taken by tourism and hospitality industry for adopting cultural diversity. Figure 1: Cultural diversity Source: (Business in Rhyme, 2015 Selected diversity and importance of selected diversity in tourism and hospitality industry Cultural diversity has been selected as it is an important aspect and is of great concern for the tourism and hospitality industry. Cultural diversity can be understood as the sum total of the different individuals belonging from different cultural background, age, gender, caste, colour, religion, education, disability and skills. It is vital for the employees of the tourism and hospitality industry to understand the different cultures for providing better services to the customers and meeting their needs and expectations. Customers of tourism and hospitality industry are from different cultures and it is important for the industry to consider this aspect. Tourism and hospitality industry has provided a unique opportunity for gaining an understanding of the new cultural experience for the employees, tourists and guest (Pieters, 2014). Modern tourism and hospitality industry is dealing with the increasing globalisation or trade across borders. People are travelling all around the worl d which has increased the need for management of cultural diversity in the tourism and hospitality industry. Tourism and hospitality industry is operating in a culturally diverse environment. In the tourism and hospitality industry, it is vital for an organisation to consider cross-culture behaviour for enhancing the performance and gaining a competitive advantage over the others. Companies operating in the tourism and hospitality industry must consider and implement management of cultural diversity for growing at the global level. Cultural aspects act as a barrier between the organisation and customers and affect the performance of the organisation in this industry (Green, et. al., 2015). When organisations are not considering cultural diversity, this will results in monoculture organisation and limits the perspective of the organisation. Chances of growth and success of the organisation in this industry depend on the management process of cultural diversity. In the tourism and hospitality industry, customers or clients get attracted towards the different cultures of the different places (Bedi, 2016). Different individuals are from different cultures and for enhancing the performance of every individual there is a need to manage cultural diversity. Organisations in this industry are competing at the international level. The impact of cultural differences can be positive or negative on the performance of the organisation. Management of cultural diversity provides various opportunities to the organisations operating in this industry. These opportunities include strong employee base, strong customer base, innovations, transfer of knowledge competitiveness and high-qualit y services (Thitthongkam, 2013) Advantages to tourism and hospitality industry for adopting cultural diversity It is important for every organisation to consider the concept of cultural diversity as it affects the chances of success and growth. An organisation operating in the tourism and hospitality industry can gain various advantages by adopting cultural diversity. These benefits of adopting cultural diversity for organisations of this industry are discussed below: Employee satisfaction and motivation: organisations can adopt cultural diversity which will help in treating and interacting with the employees in a better manner. This will ensure that employees are satisfied and motivated. For example, Hyatt hotel is having one of the best workplaces around the globe. This has motivated the employees of Hyatt (Hyatt, 2016). Strong employee base and customer base: management of cultural diversity helps to provide a better environment and better services which help in developing strong employee base and customer base. It also results in reducing the cost involved in the recruitment process by developing effective workforce (Dike, 2013). Establishing a better relationship with the employees and customers: applying measures for managing cultural diversity will help in developing a healthy relationship between the management and employees and between the organisation and customers. This helps in generating trust and loyalty among the employees and customers. Improved customer service: satisfied workforce performs the roles and responsibilities assigned to them in an effective manner. This helps in providing better quality services to the customers and results in enhancing the satisfaction level among the customers of the tourism and hospitality industry. This helps the organisation of tourism and hospitality industry in developing brand image (Korjala, 2012). Competitive advantage: management of the cultural diversity in effective manner results in enhancing the competitiveness of the organisation. For example, Marriott is providing diversity management training to its employees for gaining competitive advantage (Marriott, 2017). Innovations and transfer of knowledge: multi-cultural workforce helps in sharing the experiences and knowledge of each other among the workforce. This sharing of experiences and knowledge results in developing employees and enhances innovations and creativity. Contributes towards enhanced productivity: when employees are working as a team and performing the operations by coordinating with each other, then it results in enhancing the performance of individual and overall productivity (Australian Multicultural Foundation, 2010). Cost and consequences to tourism and hospitality industry for not accounting cultural diversity Every organisation must adopt cultural diversity for managing its employee base and attracting customers. Failure to manage cultural diversity will result in adverse impact on the performance as well growth and success chances of the organisation. These consequences to the tourism and hospitality industry for not adopting cultural diversity are discussed below: Depletion in the quality of the services: international organisations of the industry are facing issues due to differences in the culture of employees. These differences in the culture of the employees affect the quality of the services offered. Conflicts among the employees: cultural differences among the employees of the organisation increase the conflicts between them. These conflicts may arise due to differences in the language, background, age, caste, tradition, religion, gender and other cultural aspects (Dike, 2013). High employee turnover rates: non-adoption of the cultural diversity increases the chances of conflicts among the employees and affects the quality of the workplace. This results in an increase in the employee turnover rates and cost involved in the selection and recruitment process of the organisation. Decreasing satisfaction level among the employees and customers: differences may arise among the workforce of the organisation due to lack of support and coordination. This decreases the satisfaction level of the employees and creates an impact on their performance. Depleting quality of the services decreases the satisfaction level of the customers (Thitthongkam, 2013). Decreasing productivity: productivity and effectiveness depend on the quality of the workforce. For the management of the quality of the workforce, it is vital to adopt cultural diversity. Lack of proper communication: communication channel adopted by the organisation may get affected due to the non-adoption of the cultural diversity at the workplace (Bedi, 2016). Actions taken by tourism and hospitality industry for adopting cultural diversity at the workplace and in the operations In the international organisation of this industry, a workforce of the organisation is diverse and customers or guests are from different cultural background. It is crucial for the management to establish proper measures for implementing cultural diversity for establishing a healthy relationship with the employees and customers or guests or visitors. Cultural diversity management plan must be formulated and adopted by the organisation (Gong, 2008). Training needs to be provided to the employees for coping with the cultural diversity and performing the roles and responsibilities as a team. Training to the employees will help in eliminating the language differences and will promote unity and team spirit among the employees. Every organisation of the tourism and hospitality industry must focus on the individual attitude and behaviour, skills and practices adopted by the managers and values and policies adopted by the organisation. These three aspects or elements help in determining the culture of the organisation and management of the cultural diversity in an effective manner (Patrick Kumar, 2012). Managerial skills and practices need to be applied for changing the behaviour of the employees towards cultural differences and promoting cultural diversity at the workplace. Mentoring programs must be conducted at the workplace. These mentoring programs help in motivating employees for adopting different cultural and working as a team. Awareness about the cultural diversity must be spread among the environment of the organisation. This awareness will help in developing an understanding of the employees (Podsiadlowski, et. al., 2013). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded from the above discussion that management of cultural diversity is important for every industry. Diversity management has contributed towards the growth and profitability of the industry. For tourism and hospitality industry, diversity is crucial for employees as well as for the customers. Every industry operates at the global level and need arises to manage the diversity. This report has discussed the role played by cultural diversity in an organisation, advantages of adopting cultural diversity, consequences of not adopting cultural diversity and measures which can be taken by the tourism and hospitality industry. References Australian Multicultural Foundation. (2010). Managing Cultural Diversity. Australian Multicultural Foundation. Bedi, A. S. (2016). Hofstedes Model: Cultural Differences in Hospitality Sector and Experiences of a Migrant. Journal of Tourism Hospitality, Volume 5, Issue 5. Business in Rhyme. (2015). Diversity at workplace: how to use poetry for improving communication and interculturaldifferences. Business in Rhyme. Dike, P. (2013). The impact of workplace diversity on organisations. ARCADA. Gong, Y., (2008). Managing cultural diversity in hospitality industry. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. Green, K., Lpez, M., Wysocki, A., Kepner, K., Farnsworth, D. Clark, J. L. (2015). Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools. University of Florida. Hyatt. (2016). Hyatt Diversity and Inclusion. Hyatt. Accessed on: 18 August 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.hyatt.com/corporate/Programs/diversity/en/diversity.html?src=vanity_hyattdiversity.com Korjala, V. (2012). Cultural Diversity in Hospitality Management. Turku University of Applied Sciences. Marriott. (2017). Embracing Global Diversity Inclusion Thriving in a diverse marketplace. Marriott. Accessed on: 18 August 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.marriott.com/corporateinfo/social-responsibility/global-diversity.mi Patrick, H. A. Kumar, V. R. (2012). Managing Workplace Diversity: Issues and Challenges. SAGE. Pieters, C. (2014). Effective Management of a Culturally Diverse Workforce in five-star multi-national Hotels: A Case Study, The Westin Dublin. Dublin Business School. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C. Zee, K. V. D. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37, pp. 159175. Thitthongkam, T. (2013). Roles of Language and Culture towards Customer Satisfaction in the Competitiveness of the Thai Tourism Industry. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, Volume 2, No. 1.